首先祝全国的朋友，双节快乐！这是我时隔8年，第一次放8天假期，给我兴奋坏了！
各位学习状态怎么样？复习进度怎样？生活，工作，学习平衡得怎么样？欢迎留言区留言，让丝丝陪你们度过这最后一段比较关键，煎熬的日子！到10月了，要是前期复习得不是很好，工作繁忙，等各总问题时，到后期会有一些焦虑的，这样的情绪，一旦意识到，要及时倾泻，千万不要留着过夜，会消耗很多精力去消化它。最好的办法就是找那些已经经历过的人，和他们倾诉，他们会给你吃很多定心丸，很快就消化掉负面情绪，同时还能量满满继续学习和工作。今后有任何疑问，欢迎留言，我一定会回的。
言归正传，话说2012年的真题是比较难得，不光是别人说，我每次做的时候，都有一种很难驾驭它的赶脚，各位接招吧！
Section I USE of English
Directions :
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)
Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2 man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes，who went without the 4 off ood and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder.this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid , 5 an average guy ,up 6 the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.
His name is not much.GI. is just amilitary abbreviation 7 Government Issue ,and it was on all ofthe article 8 to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for aguy who never 9 it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac…a working class name.The United States has 10 had a president or vicepresident or secretaryof state Joe.
GI .joe had a 11 career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a 12 of american personalities, in the1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated, Hisreports 16 the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers sharedwith each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries,G.I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person in their lives.
1. [A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed
2. [A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal
3. [A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded
4. [A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes
5. [A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence
6. [A]for [B]into [C]form [D]against
7. [A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming
8. [A]handed out [B]turnover [C]brought back [D]passed down
9. [A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed
10. [A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither
11. [A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished
12. [A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony
13. [A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned
14. [A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human
15. [A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained
16. [A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted
17. [A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired
18. [A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea
19. [A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond
20. [A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the out set [D]at that point
Section Ⅱ Reading comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts.answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answerson ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Text 1
Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual.Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.
This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have incompleting their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory.Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, itis going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.
District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.
At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.
The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy,looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A.Unified to do homework right.
21. It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.
[A] is receiving more criticism
[B]is no longer an educational ritual
[C]is not required for advanced courses
[D]is gaining more preferences
22. L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.
[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education
[B]have asked for a different educational standard
[C]may have problems finishing their homework
[D]have voiced their complaints about homework
23. According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policyis that it may____.
[A]discourage students from doinghomework
[B]result in students' indifference totheir report cards
[C]undermine the authority of statetests
[D]restrict teachers' power in education
24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homeworkis whether______.
[A] it should be eliminated
[B]it counts much in schooling
[C]it places extra burdens on teachers
[D]it is important for grades
25. A suitable title for this text could be______.
[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy
[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students
[C]Thorny Questions about Homework
[D]A Faulty Approach to Homework
Text2
Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tinyslice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presentsthat connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.
Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, some how encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-codedat all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastelversion of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became adominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, whenit began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them asfemale, at least for the first few critical years.
I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. Iassumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.
Trade publications counselled departmentstores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. It was only after“toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segmenta market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.
26. By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3,Para.1),the author means pink______.
[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood
[B]should not be associated with girls'innocence
[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination
[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests
27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？
[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.
[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.
[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.
[D]White is prefered by babies.
28. The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.
[A]the marketing of products for children
[B]the observation of children's nature
[C]researches into children's behavior
[D]studies of childhood consumption
29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.
[A]focus on infant wear and older kids'clothes
[B]attach equal importance to different genders
[C]classify consumers into smaller groups
[D]create some common shoppers' terms
30. It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.
[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency
[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers
[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen
[D]well interpreted by psychological experts
Text 3
In 2010. a federal judge shook America'sbiotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA fordecades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 ajudge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated.The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO)， a trade group， assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longerbattle.
On July 29th they were relieved， at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision， ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad， a company in Utah，said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.
But as companies continue their attemptsat personalised medicine， the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probablynot over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents： a gene is a product of nature， so it may not be patented； gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it； and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic testssuch as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree.Last year a federal task-forceurged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case， arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature...than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”
Despite the appeals court's decision， big questions remain unanswered. For example， it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genomeviolates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach theSupreme Court.
As the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater impact.companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict adrug’s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dots’,explains Hans sauer,a lawyer for the BIO.
Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.
31. it can be learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----
A. their executives to be active
B. judges to rule out gene patenting
C. genes to be patcntablc
D. the BIO to issue a warning
32. those who are against gene patents believe that----
A. genetic tests are not reliable
B. only man-made products are patentable
C. patents on genes depend much on innovatiaon
D. courts should restrict access to genetic tests
33. according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----
A. establishing disease comelations
B. discovering gene interactions
C. drawing pictures of genes
D. identifying human DNA
34．By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that-----
A. the supreme court was authoritative
B. the BIO was a powerful organization
C. gene patenting was a great concern
D. lawyers were keen to attendconventiongs
35. generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward genepatenting is----
A. critical
B. supportive
C. scornful
D. Objective
Text 4
The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults.And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.
No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware ofthe struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.
But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.
Income inequality usually falls during arecession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are leftbehind.
In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these leantimes are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshapeour social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.
36.By saying “to find silver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to___.
[A]seek subsidies from the govemment
[B]explore reasons for the unermployment
[C]make profits from the troubledeconomy
[D]look on the bright side of the recession
37. According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.
[A]realize the national dream
[B]struggle against each other
[C]challenge their lifestyle
[D]reconsider their lifestyle
38. Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.
[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants
[B]bring out more evils of human nature
[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms
[D]ease conflicts between races andclasses
39. The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduatesfrom elite universities tend to _____.
[A]lag behind the others due todecreased opportunities
[B]catch up quickly with experiencedemployees
[C]see their life chances as dimmed asthe others’
[D]recover more quickly than the others
40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times onsociety is____.
[A]certain [B]positive
[C]trivial [D]destructive
Part B
Directions: Read the following text and answer thequestions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to eachof the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices inthe right column. Mark your answers onANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)
“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not anymore it is not.
Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approachthe past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested infeeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.
From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De VirisIllustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turnedon its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness,rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.
Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Helpas a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores ."The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and stead fast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit," wrote Smiles." what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.
This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.
For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: “It is man,real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For: “Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”
This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle,Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up asscholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.
[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes. |
|
41. Petrarch |
[B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists. |
42. Niccolo Machiavellli |
[C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate. |
43. Samuel Smiles |
[D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history. |
44. Thomas Carlyle |
[E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. |
45. Marx and Engels |
[F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders. |
[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers. |
Section Ⅲ Translation
46. Directions: Translate the following text from Englishinto Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)
When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .
Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain"has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .
Section Ⅳ Writing
Part A
47.Directions:
Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to
1) make a complaint and
2) demand a prompt solution
You should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use"zhang wei "instead .
Part B
48. Directions:
write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should
1) describe the table ,and
2) give your comments
You should write at least 150 words(15points)
某公司员工工作满意度调查
年龄 -------满意度 |
满意 |
不清楚 |
不满意 |
小于等于40岁 |
16.7% |
50.0% |
33．3% |
41-50岁 |
0.0% |
36.0% |
64.0% |
大于50岁 |
40.0 |
50.0% |
10.0% |