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今天我们讲解托福TPO21-3 Autobiographical Memory(7-12) 的第7题到第12题需要重点记忆的单词。
7. According to paragraph 3, what is the relationship between autobiographical memory andthe development of an understanding of the self?“
自传式记忆”和“自我认识发展”之间的关系
题干单词：
autobiographical adj. （autobiography）自传的；自传体的 （托福）
定位原文：
The realization that the physical self has continuity in time, according to this hypothesis, laysthe foundation for the emergence of autobiographical memory.
根据这个假说，身体自我在时间上的连续性是出现自传式记忆的基础。
重点单词：
physical adj. 物理的；身体的；物质的 （高中）
continuity n. 连续性；一连串（CET4）continous adj.
hypothesis (hypotheses)n. 假设（CET6）
lay the foundation for sth 为…奠定基础
定位原文：
The realization that the physical self has continuity in time, according to this hypothesis, laysthe foundation for the emergence of autobiographical memory.根据这个假说，身体自我在时间上的连续性是出现自传式记忆的基础。
正确选项：
The realization that the self continues through time may aid in the onset of autobiographicalmemory.身体自我在时间上的延续性对于自传式记忆的出现又帮助作用。
正确选项重点单词：
aid v./n.帮助；援助（高中）
onset n. 开始；出现 （CET4）
8. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 4 as ways in which parents help their childrenunderstand the structure of narratives EXCEPT
哪一个选项不是父母帮助小孩子理解叙事结构的方法？
题干单词：
narrative n. 叙事；叙述；叙事结构；adj. 叙事的；叙事体的
A选项：
telling with their children about past events跟孩子讲述过去的事情
B选项：
telling stories to their children 给孩子讲故事
A选项／B选项对应的原文：
Knowledge <about narratives> arises <from social interactions>, particularly thestorytelling [that children experience from parents] and the attempts[parents make to talk withchildren about past events in their lives].
有关叙述的知识来源于社会互动，尤其是父母给儿童讲故事以及父母尝试跟孩子聊聊过去经历的事情。
重点单词：
interaction n. 互动；(CET6) interact v.
attempt n./v. 企图；尝试
D选项：
showing their children that they think memories are important.
告诉孩子们记忆很重要
D选项对应的原文：
They also provide children with reminders about the memory and relay the message thatmemories are valued as part of the cultural experience.
他们还唤醒了孩子的记忆，并且向孩子们传达了记忆是文化体验宝贵的一部分的信息。
重点单词：
reminder
n.提醒的人／物；暗示；（高中）remind v. remind sb of sth
relay v. 转播；接替 （高中）
9. According to paragraph 4, the studies of Caucasian American and Korean children suggestwhich of the following?
从对白人小孩和韩国小孩的研究中能得出什么结论？
定位原文：
other studies show
［that Caucasian American mother-child pairs talk about past events threetimes more often than do Korean mother-child pairs］.
Thus, the types <of socialexperiences children> have do factor into the development of autobiographical memories.
其他研究显示白人美亲孩子交流过往事情的次数是韩亲与孩子的三倍。因此，儿童具有的社会经验的类型是发展自传式记忆的一个因素。
正确选项：
The kinds of interactions children have with their parents affect the development ofautobiographical memories.儿童和他们父母之间的互动类型会影响到他们自传式记忆的形成。
affect v. 影响；感染；n. 情感 (高中)
effect v. 产生（produce）；达到目的; n. 影响；效果 （高中）
10. According to paragraph 5, what evidence is there ［that a “theory of mind” is a factor inthe development of autobiographical memory］?“theory of mind”被认为是产生自传式记忆的因素之一的证据是什么？
定位原文：
Once children become capable of answering such questions as ‘What does it mean toremember?’ and ‘What does it mean to know something?’, improvements in memory seem tooccur.
一旦儿童能够回答诸如“记得是什么意思？”以及“知道某事或者某物是什么意思？”等问题的时候，这就会促进他们可能发生的记忆。
重点单词：
be capable of sth
v.能够做某事；be able to do sth
occur（to happen）
v. 发生；出现；存在 occurrence n. （高中）
定位原文：
Once children become capable of answering such questions as ‘What does it mean toremember?’ and ‘What does it mean to know something?’, improvements in memory seem tooccur.一旦儿童能够回答诸如“记得是什么意思？”以及“知道某事或者某物是什么意思？”等问题的时候，这就会促进他们可能发生的记忆。
正确选项：
Children’s memory of past events grows ［once children can answer questions about what itmeans to know and remember］.一旦儿童能够回答关于什么叫“理解”和“记住”的问题，儿童对于过去事情的记忆就开始增长了。
12. The passage supports which of the following statements about the development ofautobiographical memory?
关于自传性记忆的发展的描述，下面哪个选项是正确的？
定位原文：
It may be that the developments just described are intertwined with and influence one another.前述几个理论之间有可能是相互关联，相互影响的。
重点单词：
intertwine v. 纠结；缠绕 （托福）
正确选项：
It is unlikely that a single factor is responsible for the development of autobiographicalmemory.不太可能是单一的因素导致了自传式记忆的产生。
be responsible for 对…负责；是...的原因
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